Simulation analysis for effects of bone loss on acceleration tolerance of human lumbar vertebra

The purpose of the present study was to analyze and predict the changes in acceleration tolerance of human vertebra as a result of bone loss caused by long-term space flight. A human L3–L4 vertebra FEM model was constructed, in which the cancellous bone was separated, and surrounding ligaments were also taken into account. The simulation results demonstrated that bone loss has more of an effect on the acceleration tolerance in x-direction. The results serve to aid in the creation of new acceleration tolerance standards, ensuring astronauts return home safely after long-term space flight. This study shows that more attention should be focused on the bone degradation of crew members and to create new protective designs for space capsules in the future.     

基于流形结构重建的多目标气动优化算法

在多目标优化中，Pareto解集是一个分段连续的k维流形，这一规律被传统进化算法所忽略。本文提出了一种基于流形结构重建的多目标优化算法，首先利用流形结构重建方法完成解集分布从目标空间到设计空间的映射，建立解集的概率分布，并在目标空间中扩展流形结构，从而借助解集在目标空间的推进来指导优化算法的快速演化。数值算例表明本文算法对于具有不同特征的Pareto前沿具有很好的适应性，能够极大提高算法的收敛效率。多目标气动优化算例验证，本文算法相比于常规多目标进化算法能够减少约80%的计算量，极大程度缩短了气动设计的周期。     

仿鞭毛菌游动的微型机器人近壁运动

鞭毛菌及模仿其运行的微机器人在靠近壁面游动时，其运动模式与远离壁面时有所不同。针对这一现象，本文利用抗力理论和Stokes方程的线性性质，对鞭毛菌在壁面附近运动时流体对其施加的作用力进行分析，建立了鞭毛菌近壁运动的动力学模型。同时计算了细菌在平行于壁面平面内的运动轨迹与游动速度，并与实验数据进行对比分析，结果验证了该理论模型 的有效性。在此基础上，探讨了鞭毛尾的几何和运动学参数与细菌的速度变化量之间的关系。本文研究为微型仿生游动机器人运动控制时规避近壁效应提供参考依据。     

时变支承刚度对分流传动系统振动特性的影响

基于集中质量法，考虑时变啮合刚度、综合传递误差和齿侧间隙等因素的影响，建立了圆柱齿轮分流传动系统的弯扭耦合动力学模型和方程。采用变步长Runge-Kutta法，对动力学方程进行了数值求解；通过引入滚动轴承的支承刚度计算模型，分析了时变支承刚度和非时变支承刚度对系统振动特性的影响。仿真结果表明：当按照时变支承刚度模型计算时，轴承的支承刚度会产生4%左右的波动，输出轴上的横向振动位移幅值增大了约5%；支承刚度的时变性使得系统的非线性增强，稳定性变差；支承刚度的时变特性对分扭级动载系数影响较大，对并车级动载系数影响较小。     

基于数据包络分析的民航发动机维修效果评价

对民航发动机维修效果进行评价可以为发动机承修厂的选择提供决策支持,同时有助于发现发动机承修厂的潜在问题。为了实现发动机维修效果的评价,首先提出了评价指标选择的原则,在此基础上给出了发动机维修效果评价指标体系,建立了基于数据包络分析的C2WH模型的发动机维修效果评价模型,并对模型的构建过程进行了描述。针对决策单元输入输出...     

低轨卫星通信系统地面核心网设计与仿真

文章针对无星际链路的低轨卫星通信系统，利用OPNET软件设计了低轨卫星通信系统在透明转发模式下的核心网构成，并进行了性能仿真。首先介绍核心网的构成、功能和拓扑，在此基础上实现了呼叫处理和切换的仿真，统计了呼叫时延、切换时延等性能指标，分析了仿真结果，为低轨道卫星通信系统的设计奠定了一定的参考价值。     

Early effects of low dose C ion or X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to estimate the acute effects of low dose ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation on human immune function. The human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) of seven healthy donors were exposed to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation and cell responses were measured at 24 h after exposure. The cytotoxic activities of HPBL were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT); the percentages of T and NK cells subsets were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were examined by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); and these cytokines protein levels in supernatant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of HPBL, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HPBL and their protein levels in supernatant were significantly increased at 24 h after exposure to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions radiation and the effects were stronger than observed for X-ray exposure. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of T and NK cells subsets of HPBL. These results suggested that 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) ¹²C⁶⁺ radiation was a more effective approach to host immune enhancement than that of low LET X-ray. We conclude that cytokines production might be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to LDI.     

基于剪裁技术考虑的某冲击试验分析

利用环境工程剪裁技术对某冲击试验的结果进行分析,结果表明,按照引用标准评定为"超差"的试验,当考虑到试验件结构的特性并进行必要的数据转换后,试验结果是有效。首先分析造成超差的原因为天线组件的剩余响应,然后通过频域数字滤波进行数据转换。     

小型电磁辐射敏感度自动测试系统的设计

介绍电磁辐射敏感度自动测试系统组成、工作原理和设计方法，叙述了硬件配置、系统控制、数据采集处理等软件设计。其中较详细地介绍了光纤式场强数据采集部分的设计。     

压电结构的控制-结构一体化设计

对于离散分布、同位配置压电片驱动器和传感器的压电耦合板，首先构造了四节点 Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ矩形板弯单元，从而建立了有限元模型。在此基础上，给出了主动阻尼振动控制模型。将系统的存留能量指标归结为一个 Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ 方程的解。以系统的存留能量指标为适应度函数，以作动器和传感器的位置及控制增益为优化参数，利用基于共享函数机制小生境技术的遗传算法进行结构、控制设计。最后，对一悬臂压电耦合板进行了实例分析。结果表明，该方法是解决控制结构一体化设计的一种有效途径，可以得到多个最优解或次优解。